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Gali Muddu Krishnama Naidu  9 June, 1947 – 7 February, 2018  was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He served as Minister of Higher Education, Andhra Pradesh. He was elected for a record six terms to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, five times from the Puttur constituency and once from the Nagari constituency.Gali Muddu Krishnama Naidu was born on 9 June 1947, in Venkatramapuram village of Ramachandrapuram mandal in the Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh. His parents were G. Rama Naidu (father) and G.Rajamma (mother). He was the youngest of three children; he had an older sister Duttuluri Jayalakshmi and an older brother Gali Dhanunjaya Naidu.

Naidu graduated with a BSc and obtained a master's degree in arts as well as a law degree. Before he joined politics, he taught as a college lecturer in Guntur.

Political life
Naidu joined politics after a successful career in teaching. He joined the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) where he enjoyed the support of its founder member, N.T. Rama Rao, who founded the party in 1983. He was elected five times to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the TDP from the Puttur constituency.

After some differences with the TDP, he left to join the Indian National Congress party, where he contested a ticket and went on to win the election in 2004. He subsequently resigned from the congress and rejoined the TDP in 2008; he was then re-elected to his sixth (and final) term to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2009, this time for the Nagari constituency. By now the Puttur constituency had been dissolved into the Nagari constituency following the delimitation of constituencies in 2002.He held a cabinet post in the Ministry for Education, as Minister of Higher Education. When serving as a minister, he held education and forest portfolios.
Mr Naidu officiated over many development works in the city of Puttur, including the construction of a road-over-bridge at the Santhi theatre level crossing,[2] and the Puttur to Chittoor highway.

Personal life
Naidu was married to Smt G. Saraswathi from Velanjeri village in Tamil Nadu. He had two sons, named Bhanu Prakash Gali and Jagadish Chandra Prakash Gali, and a daughter named Dr. Lavanya Gali.As well as being a teacher, he was also an agriculturist and had a special interest in book-reading.

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A total lunar eclipse occurred on January 31, 2018. The Moon was near its perigee on January 30 and so may be described as a "supermoon". The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was in September 2015.

As it was also a blue moon, the second full moon in the calendar month of January 2018, it was referred to as a "super blue blood moon"; the term blood refers to the typical color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse. This coincidence last occurred on December 30, 1982 for the eastern hemisphere, and otherwise before that on March 31, 1866. The next occurrence will be on January 31, 2037, one metonic cycle (19 years) later.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's umbra (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the shadow begins to "cover" part of the Moon, turning it a dark red-brown color (typically – the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of Rayleigh scattering (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.

The following simulation shows the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow. The northern portion of the Moon is closest to the center of the shadow, making it darkest and reddest in appearance.This was a "supermoon", as the Moon was near to its closest distance to earth in its elliptical orbit, making it 7% larger in apparent diameter or 14% larger in area, than an average full moon. The previous supermoon lunar eclipse was the September 2015 lunar eclipse.

The full moon of 31 January 2018 was the second full moon that calendar month (in most time zones), making it, under one definition of the term, a "blue moon".

Additionally referencing the orange or red "blood" colors that occur during a lunar eclipse, media sources described the event as a "super blue blood Moon"
The Pacific Ocean was turned toward the Moon at the time of the eclipse. Central and eastern Asia (including most of Siberia), Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand and most of Australia got a good view of this moon show in the evening sky. For Western Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and Eastern Europe, the eclipse was underway as the moon rose.

Along the U.S. West Coast, the total phase began at 4:51 a.m. PST. The further east, the closer the start of the partial phases coincided with moonset. Along the U.S. Atlantic Seaboard, for instance, the Moon had only just begun to enter the darkest part of Earth's shadow, the umbra, at 6:48 a.m. EST when it disappeared from view below the west-northwest horizon. The duration of the total phase was 77 minutes, with the Moon tracking through the southern part of the Earth's shadow. During totality, the Moon's lower limb appeared brighter than the dark upper limb.

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Wheat Sensitivity

When Kathy Pothier began eating gluten-free in 2012, some friends thought it was an inconvenience. So Pothier -- determined to see if the diet could relieve her painful arthritis symptoms, stiff neck, and headaches -- took her own food when she visited for dinner.

Because the 47-year-old landscaper from Amesbury, MA, doesn't have celiac disease or wheat allergy, her friends dismissed her diet as the latest fad. But Pothier says that going gluten-free gave her relief from her pain. "When I stopped [gluten], it all went away within 3 months," she says.

Emerging research is suggesting that some people without a diagnosis of either celiac disease or wheat allergy may indeed be wheat-sensitive -- and the gluten may not be what’s causing their problems. They may have bloating, pain, gas, and diarrhea that are hallmark symptoms of celiac disease. Or they may also have headaches and inflammatory symptoms like Pothier’s.

“I think there is now enough data to say that there are people out there who do have symptoms that are related to either wheat or gluten who are not [diagnosed with] celiac and not classic wheat allergy," says Joseph Murray, MD, a professor of medicine and gastroenterology at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

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Celiac is diagnosed with a blood test or intestinal biopsy; wheat allergies are diagnosed with a skin or blood test. Until about 5 years ago, if people were not diagnosed with either, they were told they had no reason to be on a gluten-free diet, says Alessio Fasano, MD, director of the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Since then, he says, study after study has found evidence that non-celiac gluten sensitivity may, indeed, be real.

"People have dismissed non-celiac gluten sensitivity as a fad," says William F. Balistreri, MD, a doctor at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. "But there may well be an immunologic basis" for it, he says.


And the protein gluten may not be the whole story, Murray and others say. Some people could be reacting to other components in the wheat.

"Wheat is a very complicated organism," Murray says. Experts now say there may be several subgroups of people with wheat sensitivity, each reacting to a different part of the wheat.

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Bhaagamathie is a 2018 Indian horror thriller film written and directed by G. Ashok. It stars Anushka Shetty in the lead role, with Unni Mukundan, Jayaram, and Asha Sarath in other pivotal roles.The film revolves around a woman imprisoned in a haunted house while she is interrogated by law enforcers investigating a politician they suspect of corruption. Principal photography commenced in June 2016 in Hyderabad, and the film released on 26 January 2018 in Telugu and Tamil along with a dubbed Malayalam version.The movie opened to positive audience response.

G. Ashok, who had previously worked on Pilla Zamindar (2011) and Sukumarudu (2013), readied the Bhaagamathie script in 2012 and had written it keeping Anushka Shetty in mind. In late 2012, the team approached Anushka and the actress liked the script but was not able to immediately commit to the film, as she had pending projects such as Baahubali: The Beginning (2015) and Rudhramadevi (2015), where she also played warrior princesses. The film was later delayed when Anushka chose to star in Lingaa (2014), attempt an ambitious size-shifting role in Size Zero (2015) and complete her portions for Baahubali: The Conclusion (2017). Ashok subsequently chose to wait for her, rather than cast a new actress, and refined the script during the waiting period. Early media reports claimed that the film would be based on the Hindi queen Bhagmati, but the makers denied this and revealed that the film would be a "social drama". The film's title is derived from the Bagmati river that flows through Nepal, while Ashok also stated that the titled was also inspired by the fact that Hyderabad was formed in the name of Bhagamathi or Bhagi Nagara. Once she began working on the film in 2016, she shed 20 kilograms through a rigorous diet plan to portray her character of an IAS Officer. Produced by UV Creations in Telugu and Studio Green in Tamil, the film was primarily shot in Telugu, with some scenes reshot for Tamil audiences. A dubbed Malayalam version of the film was also prepared to have a simultaneous release with the other two versions.The film's music was composed by S. Thaman, and the first song "Mandhaara" was release on 17 January 2018. The Tamil version of the song was released at a function held by Studio Green in Chennai, which marked four significant events for the producers — the audio launch of Bhaagamathie, a single launch of Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuththu (2018), a single launch of Ghajinikanth (2018) and the success meet for Thaanaa Serndha Koottam (2018)

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Budget 2018
Union Budget 2018 offered a slew of goodies such as re-introduction of standard deduction to the tune of Rs. 40,000 and the hike of exemption under the head of medical reimbursement for senior citizens.Like every budget, this year's budget, too, has a bagful of surprises. Some news surely brought smiles on your faces, while the others might have drawn blank faces. The rollout of budget on February 1 didn't turn out good for the stock exchanges as Sensex lost 840 points on Friday, however the Budget 2018, undoubtedly, offered a slew of goodies such as re-introduction of standard deduction to the tune of Rs. 40,000 and the hike of exemption under the head of medical reimbursement for senior citizens. A mega health insurance policy that is proposed to offer cashless benefit of Rs. 5 lakh to nearly 10 crore families, is set to revolutionise India's healthcare system.
Ten Gifts PM Modi Offers In Budget 2018-19

1. The Budget 2018 announced on February 1 by Arun Jaitley allows standard deduction of Rs. 40,000 for the salaried individuals. But what you have to forego is the travel and medical expenditure that were earlier allowed to be deducted to arrive at the taxable income. This, however, will certainly reduce your taxable income, reducing your payable income tax further.

2. A mega health scheme is likely to cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families. Each of the families will stand to receive (not in hand) Rs. five lakh for secondary and tertiary care. One might argue that the treatment at government hospitals is already free and there are primary healthcare facilities that offer almost free treatment. However, the new scheme will cover tertiary care such as liver, heart related ailments. Also, the policy might offload some of the burden of government hospitals since the scheme would be extended to the private hospitals in the same way as the private health insurance schemes do. "National Health Protection Scheme to cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) providing coverage upto 5 lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization," reads the government statement.

3. To make the country digitally enabled, the finance minister announced to further broadband access in villages. The government proposed to set up five lakh wi-fi hotspots to provide net connectivity to five crore rural citizens. This is one of the steps to fulfill the dream of Digital India.

4. The government will work out a scheme to assign every individual enterprise in India a unique ID, on the lines of aadhaar. This is likely to streamline the taxation and licensing-relating issues. The harassment at the hands of law enforcement agencies is expected to come down when the businessperson is officially separated from the business unit s/he runs.

In such a scenario, the organization will become a legitimate entity in the eyes of law irrespective of the scale or nature of organsation. The way government has ensure to transfer the benefits and subsidies directly to the accounts of beneficiaries via aadhaar, reducing pilferage, similarly the benefits and tax-related benefits can be transferred to the organization via the unique code, subject to the efficient implementation of the scheme.

5. The Finance Minister Arun Jaitley announced that 2017-18 disinvestment target of Rs.72,500 crore has been exceeded and expected receipts of Rs.1,00,000 crore. He set disinvestment target of Rs.80,000 crore for 2018-19. Because of this, the government will be able to ensure fiscal consolidation and avoid surpassing the 3.3% target of fiscal deficit set for the next year, 2018-19.

6. Arun Jaitley also said that there has been a huge spike in the number of income tax returns filed by the tax payers. The number of Effective Tax Payers has increased from 6.47 crore at the beginning of 2014-15 to 8.27 crore at the end of last financial year which is 2016-17. This again would curtail the need to borrow money from open markets in form of bonds or through other means. The higher is the number of tax payers, the better is the fiscal discipline, strengthening the value of currency and curbing the inflation.

7. Senior citizens get a bounty in form of increase in exemption of interest income on deposits with banks and post offices. The government has proposed to increase the amount from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 50,000.

8. Another dose of sops for the senior citizens entails rise in deduction limit for health insurance premium and medical expenditure from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 50,000 under section 80D of the Income Tax Act, 1961. This would leave little taxable income for the senior citizens. The higher exemption has been introduced to keep pace with the soaring medical expenses.

9. In case of certain critical illnesses, the senior citizens are allowed Rs. 60,000 exemption, while for the very senior citizens, the limit is Rs. 80,000. Both the upper limits have been hiked to Rs. 1,00,000, thus leaving higher income in the hands of senior citizens.

10. Several initiatives are planned to spruce up rural infrastructure. Added infrastructure doesn't translate to better economy in the short run and may not reflect in higher income or lower taxable income and so on and so forth, however, better infrastructure created employment opportunities and better logistics in and around the areas that are endowed with better infrastructure. In the long run, the improved infrastructure in rural areas is likely to work as counter magnetic to urbanization. In the 2018-19 Budget, Arun Jaitley declared that the government plans to build 17 lakh kilometers of rural roads, 51 lakh new rural houses, 1.88 crore toilets, and provide 1.75 crore new household electric connections besides boosting agricultural growth.

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India Under-19 Cricket World  champions

The 2018 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was an international limited-overs cricket tournament that was held in New Zealand from 13 January to 3 February 2018. It was the twelfth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup, and the third to be held in New Zealand (after the 2002 and 2010 events). New Zealand was the first country to host the event three times.The opening ceremony took place on 7 January 2018. The West Indies were the defending champions. However, they failed to defend their title, after losing their first two group fixtures.

Following the group stage fixtures, Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan and South Africa had all qualified for the Super League quarter-final stage of the tournament. The other eight teams moved to the Plate League to determine their final placements in the competition. Sri Lanka went on to win the Plate League, giving them a final position of ninth overall in the tournament.

In the first Super League semi-final, Australia beat Afghanistan by 6 wickets to progress to the final. In the second semi-final, India beat Pakistan by 203 runs to advance into the final.In the third-place playoff, no play was possible due to rain and a wet outfield. Pakistan therefore finished in third place, as they finished their group ahead of Afghanistan on net run rate. In the final, India beat Australia by 8 wickets to win their fourth Under-19 World Cup, the most by any side

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Maha Shivaratri festival celebrated annually in honour of the god Shiva. There is a Shivaratri in every luni-solar month of the Hindu calendar, on the month's 13th night/14th day, but once a year in late winter (February/March, or Phalguna) and before the arrival of spring, marks Maha Shivaratri which means "the Great Night of Shiva".

It is a major festival in Hinduism, but one that is solemn and marks a remembrance of "overcoming darkness and ignorance" in life and the world. It is observed by remembering Shiva and chanting prayers, fasting, doing Yoga, and meditating on ethics and virtues such as self-restraint, honesty, noninjury to others, forgiveness, and the discovery of Shiva. The ardent devotees keep awake all night. Others visit one of the Shiva temples or go on pilgrimage to Jyotirlingams. This is an ancient Hindu festival whose origin date is unknown.

In Kashmir Shaivism, the festival is called Har-ratri or phonetically simpler Haerath or Herath by Shiva faithfuls of the Kashmir region.
Maha Shivaratri is an annual festival dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, and is particularly important in the Shaivism tradition of Hinduism. Unlike most Hindu festivals which are celebrated during the day, the Maha Shivaratri is celebrated at night. Furthermore, unlike most Hindu festivals which include expression of cultural revelry, the Maha Shivaratri is a solemn event notable for its introspective focus, fasting, meditation on Shiva, self study, social harmony and an all night vigil at Shiva temples.

The celebration includes maintaining a "jaagaran", an all-night vigil and prayers, because Shaiva Hindus mark this night as "overcoming darkness and ignorance" in one's life and the world through Shiva. Offerings of fruits, leaves, sweets and milk to Shiva are made, some perform all-day fasting with vedic or tantric worship of Shiva, and some perform meditative Yoga. In Shiva temples, "Om Namah Shivaya", the sacred mantra of Shiva, is chanted through the day.

Maha Shivaratri is celebrated over three or ten days based on the Hindu luni-solar calendar. Every lunar month, there is a Shivaratri (12 per year). The main festival is called Maha Shivaratri, or great Shivaratri, and this is on 13th night (waning moon) and 14th day of the month Phalguna (Magha). According to the Gregorian calendar, the day falls in either February or March.

History and significance

Many legends explain the significance of Maha Shivaratri, one being it is the night of Shiva's dance.
According to Jones and Ryan, the festival may have originated around the 5th century CE.

The Maha Shivaratri is mentioned in several Puranas, particularly the Skanda Purana, Linga Purana and Padma Purana. These medieval era Shaiva texts present different mythologies associated with this festival, but all mention fasting and reverence for icons of Shiva such as the Lingam.

Different legends describe the significance of Maha Shivaratri. According to one legend in the Shaivism tradition, this is the night when Shiva performs the heavenly dance of creation, preservation and destruction. The chanting of hymns, the reading of Shiva scriptures and the chorus of devotees joins this cosmic dance and remembers Shiva's presence everywhere. According to another legend, this is the night when Shiva and Parvati got married. A different legend states that the offering to Shiva icons such as the linga is an annual occasion to get over past sins if any, to restart on a virtuous path and thereby reach Mount Kailasha and liberation.

The significance of dance tradition to this festival has historical roots. The Maha Shivaratri has served as a historic confluence of artists for annual dance festivals at major Hindu temples such as at Konark, Khajuraho, Pattadakal, Modhera and Chidambaram. This event is called Natyanjali, literally "worship through dance", at the Chidambaram temple which is famous for its sculpture depicting all dance mudras in the ancient Hindu text of performance arts called Natya Shastra. Similarly, at Khajuraho Shiva temples, a major fair and dance festival on Maha Shivaratri, involving Shaiva pilgrims camped over miles around the temple complex, was documented by Alexander Cunningham in 1864